国际海运中,集装箱船舶在港口收取的费用是各国船公司、港口、集装箱码头企业所共同关注的委托。制定规范的港口费收结构、合理的港口费率是港口管理部门的努力目标,不仅可以改善港口企业的经济效益,同时可以提高港口在运输市场中的竞争力。 在各国的港口费率水平中,通常是采用一种国际上可比的汇率换算方法——名义汇率换算法,将各国的港口费率统一地换算成美元的费率,进行港口费用水平的计算和比较。但是,这种方法有两个缺点。其一,一个国家货币对美元的汇率是随时变化的,有时由于该国家货币利率的调整变化或者该货币在国际 In international seaborne, the fee charged by the container ships at the port is the common concern of shipping companies, ports and container terminal companies of various countries. To formulate a standardized port fee collection structure and a reasonable port tariff are the efforts of port authorities to improve the economic efficiency of port enterprises and at the same time improve the port’s competitiveness in the transport market. In the port rates of various countries, it is common to adopt an internationally comparable method of exchange rate conversion - the nominal exchange rate conversion method - to uniformly calculate the port charges of various countries into the rates of U.S. dollars and calculate the level of port charges Compare However, this method has two disadvantages. First, the exchange rate of a country’s currency against the U.S. dollar changes from time to time, sometimes due to a change in the national currency’s interest rate or the currency’s international