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目的:探讨胸腔镜根治术治疗食管癌的近期疗效及对髓系细胞触发受体-1（TREM-1）、肿瘤坏死因子受体相关蛋白1（TRAP1）表达的影响。方法:选取2016年6月至2019年6月山东省宁阳县第一人民医院诊治的68例食管癌患者，按分层抽样法分为胸腔镜根治术组和传统手术组，各34例。胸腔镜根治术组采用胸腔镜根治术进行治疗，传统手术组采用传统的颈、胸、腹三切口开放食管癌根治术进行治疗。比较两组患者术后炎性因子水平、免疫功能、肺功能及TREM-1、TRAP1表达的差异，以及并发症发生情况。结果:两组患者术前肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）-α、白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-10水平比较差异无统计学意义（n P>0.05）；术后第2天两组患者TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平均高于手术前，且胸腔镜根治术组TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平低于传统手术组[（23.21 ± 0.32）mg/L比（29.69 ± 0.48）mg/L、（232.15 ± 23.64）ng/L比（246.73 ± 25.89）ng/L、（0.64 ± 0.19）ng/L比（0.89 ± 0.21）ng/L]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）；术后第2天两组患者CDn 3+、CDn 4+、CDn 8+水平均低于术前，CDn 4+/CDn 8+水平高于术前，且胸腔镜根治术组CDn 3+、CDn 4+、CDn 8+、CDn 4+/CDn 8+水平均高于传统手术组[（46.78 ± 1n a2.43）%比（41.32 ± 9.36）%、（46.12 ± 9.68）%比（41.59 ± 7.98）%、（27.42 ± 4.27）%比（21.38 ± 3.16）%、1.47 ± 0.46比1.25 ± 0.27]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05）；术后第2天两组患者FEVn 1、FVC、FEVn 1/FVC均低于术前，且胸腔镜根治术组FEVn 1、FVC、FEVn 1/FVC均优于传统手术组[（2.37 ± 0.72）L比（1.82 ± 0.53）L、（3.34 ± 1.06）L比（2.43 ± 0.82）L、（62.47 ± 15.26）%比（53.67 ± 12.28）%]，差异有统计学意义（n P0.05），术后第2天胸腔镜根治术组TREM-1表达高于传统手术组（141.56 ± 34.69比121.54 ± 22.75），TRAP1表达低于传统手术组（1.63 ± 0.51比2.11 ± 0.64），差异有统计学意义（n P0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 in two groups were increased and the levels of above index in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were lower than those in the traditional surgery group: (23.21 ± 0.32) mg/L vs. (29.69 ± 0.48) mg/L, (232.15 ± 23.64) ng/L vs. (246.73 ± 25.89) ng/L, (0.64 ± 0.19) ng/L vs. (0.89 ± 0.21) ng/L, and there were statistical differences (n P0.05). At 2 d after operation, the levels of CDn 3+, CDn 4+, CDn 8+ decreased and the level of CDn 4+/CDn 8+ increased, and the levels of CDn 3+, CDn 4+, CDn 8+, CDn 4+/CDn 8+ in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (46.78 ± 1a2.43)% vs. (41.32 ± 9.36)%, (46.12 ± 9.68)% vs. (41.59 ± 7.98)%, (27.42 ± 4.27)% vs. (21.38 ± 3.16)%, 1.47 ± 0.46 vs. 1.25 ± 0.27, and there were statistical differences (n P0.05). At 2 day after operation, the levels of FEVn 1, FVC, FEVn 1/FVC in two groups decreased, and the levels of FEVn 1, FVC, FEVn 1/FVC in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group were higher than those in the traditional surgery group: (2.37 ± 0.72) L vs. (1.82 ± 0.53) L, (3.34 ± 1.06) L vs. (2.43 ± 0.82) L, (62.47 ± 15.26)% vs. (53.67 ± 12.28)%, and there were statistical differences (n P0.05). At 2 d after operation, the expression of TREM-1in the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was higher than that of traditional surgery group: (141.56 ± 34.69 vs. 121.54 ± 22.75); the expression of TRAP1 was lower than that of the traditional surgery group: (1.63 ± 0.51 vs. 2.11 ± 0.64), and there were statistical differences (n P<0.05). The postoperative complication rate of the thoracoscopic radical surgery group was lower than that of the traditional surgery group:5.88%(2/34) vs. 23.53%(8/34), and there was statistical difference (n χ2=4.221, n P=0.040).n Conclusions:The short-term efficacy of thoracoscopic radical surgery in the treatment of esophageal cancer is better than that of the traditional surgery group, which can increase the expression of TREM-1, reduce the expression of TRAP1, and reduce the inflammatory response and the impact on the immune function.