自噬是一种广泛存在于真核细胞中的细胞降解过程,它最早是由Ashford和Porter在1962年发现细胞内有“自己吃自己”现象后提出的[1]。自噬发生时,细胞将部分蛋白质和细胞器通过双层膜的扁平杯状分隔膜包裹形成自噬体(autophagosome),自噬体再转运至溶酶体并与溶酶体融合形成自噬溶酶体 Autophagy is a process of cell degradation that occurs extensively in eukaryotic cells. It was first proposed by Ashford and Porter in 1962 when they found themselves “eating themselves” in their cells [1]. When autophagy occurs, the cells bind part of the proteins and organelles through the flat, cup-shaped compartments of the bilayer membrane to form an autophagosome. The autophagosomes then transport to the lysosome and fuse with lysosomes to form autophagy body