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【目的】探讨长沙市学龄儿童纵向生长规律和体格偏离趋势,为儿童生长发育研究提供纵向基础资料。【方法】采用纵向追踪方法对889名学龄儿童每年一次进行身高、体重测量,自一年级追踪至六年级。采用2005年中国儿童生长参照标准进行营养状况及身高水平评价,计算其年增长速度及体格偏离检出率的变化情况,比较学龄儿童与全国标准的差距。【结果】1)男生身高增长速度平均为5.3～6.2cm/年,11岁开始加速;女生平均为5.5～7.0cm/年,9岁开始加速;体重增长速度逐年加大,10岁起增长明显。2)各年龄组男、女生平均身高均低于全国标准,但随年龄增长差距缩小;8岁前男、女生平均体重低于全国标准,但8岁后赶超。3)随年龄的增长,身材矮小检出率逐年下降,肥胖、超重检出率呈上升趋势,消瘦检出率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义。【结论】长沙市学龄儿童的体格发育遵循基本规律,但体重增长幅度大于身高增长幅度。长沙市学龄儿童平均身高低于全国水平,而超重、肥胖儿童快速增加的现象应引起重视。
【Objective】 To investigate the longitudinal growth patterns and physical deviations of school-aged children in Changsha, and to provide longitudinal basic data for the study of children’s growth and development. 【Methods】 889 school-aged children were surveyed by vertical tracking method once a year for height and weight measurement, from the first grade to the sixth grade. Nutritional status and height were evaluated with the reference standard of Chinese children’s growth in 2005. The changes of annual growth rate and physical deviation detection rate were calculated. The gap between school-age children and the national standard was compared. 【Results】 1) The average height growth rate of boys was 5.3-6.2cm / year and accelerated at 11 years old. The average number of girls was 5.5-7.0cm / year and accelerated at 9 years old. The growth rate of body weight increased year by year and obviously increased at the age of 10 . 2) The average height of boys and girls in each age group is lower than the national standard, but the gap with age is narrowing. The average weight of boys and girls before the age of 8 is lower than the national standard, but the catches up after the age of 8. 3) With the increase of age, the detection rate of stature decreased year by year, the detection rate of obesity and overweight showed an upward trend, and the detection rate of weight loss showed a downward trend with a significant difference. 【Conclusion】 The physical development of school-age children in Changsha follows the basic rules, but the growth rate of weight gain is larger than the growth rate of height. The average height of school-age children in Changsha is lower than the national average. However, the rapid increase of overweight and obese children should be taken seriously.