目的　从免疫活性细胞表型特征的角度探讨口腔鳞癌原发灶的局部免疫状况及其与肿瘤分化程度的关系。方法　按一定的纳入标准在 60个病例中筛选出 16例 ,取原发灶标本作冰冻连续切片 ,厚度 6～ 8μm ,分别用抗CD3 、CD4 、CD8、CD16和CD2 5单抗按ABC法染色 ,然后镜下观察及计数。结果　免疫细胞主要集中在肿瘤间质中 ,位于肿瘤与正常组织交界区 ,呈带状分布。有时可见淋巴滤泡 ,但阳性细胞主要分布于滤泡周围 ;CD+ 3 、CD+ 4、CD+ 16和CD+ 2 5分布情况基本相似 ,位于癌巢周围 ,但CD+ 8与其它细胞不同 ,散在分布于癌巢中 ;肿瘤分化程度越高 ,免疫细胞数量越多 ,活性越强。结论　口腔鳞癌原发灶局部存在一定的免疫功能 ,但这种免疫功能处于被抑制状态 ,肿瘤分化程度越低 ,抑制作用越强 Objective To investigate the local immune status of primary squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and its relationship with tumor differentiation from the perspective of phenotypic characteristics of immunocompetent cells. Methods According to a certain inclusion criteria, 16 cases were screened out in 60 cases. The frozen sections of the primary tumor were collected, and the thickness was 6 ~ 8μm. They were stained by ABC method with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD2 5 monoclonal antibodies , Then observe and count microscopically. The results of immune cells mainly in the tumor stroma, located in the border area between the tumor and normal tissue, was zonal distribution. Lymphoid follicles were sometimes seen, but the positive cells were mainly distributed around the follicles. The distribution of CD + 3, CD + 4, CD + 16 and CD + 25 was basically similar and located around the cancer nests. However, CD + 8 was scattered in other cancers Nest; the higher the degree of tumor differentiation, the greater the number of immune cells, the more active. Conclusion There is some immune function in the primary tumor of oral squamous cell carcinoma, but the immune function is inhibited. The lower the degree of tumor differentiation, the stronger the inhibitory effect