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以河北省平原区大面积种植的4个不同类型品种为材料(包括强筋小麦藁8901、高产品种石4185、高蛋白品种河农341和耐旱高产品种河农859),对不同类型小麦植株的氮素同化、运转和分配特征进行了研究。试验表明,4个类型相比,高蛋白品种阶段吸氮量和总吸氮量较多,但阶段吸收比例前期相对较低,开花后较高。而耐旱高产品种开花前吸收氮素较多,开花后吸收较少。各器官氮素含量、积累量和分配率,拔节期和开花期互有高低,成熟期以高产品种较高。耐旱高产品种开花前吸收的氮素向籽粒中输出量、输出率及输出氮素对籽粒的相对贡献显著较高,而高蛋白品种相对较低。高蛋白品种和强筋品种旗叶氮素对籽粒的贡献大于耐旱和普通高产品种。强筋小麦品种对氮素的运转和分配规律与高蛋白小麦类似,但其吸收积累量显著低于高蛋白品种。普通高产品种氮素吸收积累量显著较少,且营养器官中积累分配较多。建议在生产中对高蛋白品种增施氮肥,注意增加后期氮素追施比例,基肥、拔节肥、灌浆肥氮素分配比例为4∶4∶2,对于抗旱品种,重视前期施氮,尤其拔节期增加施氮比例,氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为4∶6,强筋品种和高产品种氮素分配比例--基肥∶拔节肥为5∶5。
Four different types of cultivars (including Strong Gluten Wheat 藁 8901, High-yielding Stones 4185, High-protein cultivars Henong 341 and drought-tolerant high-yielding cultivar Heinong 859) were planted on large-scale plains in Hebei Province. Nitrogen assimilation, transport and distribution characteristics were studied. The results showed that compared with the four types, the high-protein varieties had more nitrogen uptake and total nitrogen uptake, but the stage of absorption was relatively lower in early stage and higher after flowering. However, drought-tolerant and high-yielding cultivars absorbed more nitrogen before flowering and less after flowering. Nitrogen content, accumulation and distribution rate of each organ were different from each other at jointing stage and flowering stage, and higher in mature stage with high yielding variety. The yield, output rate and output of nitrogen absorbed by the drought-tolerant high-yielding varieties before flowering were significantly higher than that of the high-yielding varieties, while the high-protein varieties were relatively low. The contribution of flag leaf nitrogen to high protein varieties and strong gluten varieties was greater than that of drought tolerant and ordinary high yielding varieties. Strong gluten wheat cultivars had similar N transport and allocation patterns as high protein wheat, but their absorption and accumulation were significantly lower than that of high protein cultivars. The accumulation of N uptake by common high-yielding cultivars was significantly less, and accumulation and distribution of nutrients in vegetative organs was higher. It is suggested that nitrogenous fertilizer should be added to high protein varieties in production. Attention should be paid to the ratio of topdressing nitrogen, basal fertilizer, jointing fertilizer, and the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer in grouting to be 4: 4: 2. For drought-resistant cultivars, Nitrogen increased proportion of the period, the proportion of nitrogen distribution - basal: jointing fertilizer is 4:6, strong gluten varieties and high-yielding varieties of nitrogen distribution - basal: jointing fertilizer is 5: 5.