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目的通过测量广州地区中老年妇女骨密度(BMD)水平,了解其骨密度现状及骨质疏松(OP)状况,为预防中老年妇女人群骨质疏松提供科学依据。方法对2010—2014年在广州市番禺区某体检中心体检的40岁及以上中老年妇女,采用X线骨密度仪测量其腰椎、股骨颈、髋部骨密度,分析各年龄段人群骨质变化情况以及与体质指数的关系。结果共检测40岁及以上妇女2 992人,年龄最大89岁,平均年龄为(61.98±10.59)岁。在不同检测部位中,各年龄组、各BMI组妇女BMD值不同,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。各部位BMD值随年龄增长而下降(P<0.01)。偏瘦组各部位BMD值均较肥胖组、超重组和正常组要低(P<0.01)。诊断为OP共有1 091例(占36.46%);骨量减少1 090例(占36.43%),27.11%骨密度正常。OP检出率随年龄增长而升高(P<0.01);除肥胖组和超重组外,其余各组OP检出率两两比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论受检人群骨密度值大小与OP检出率受年龄和BMI值影响,随着年龄增长,人群BMD值逐渐下降,OP检出率逐渐上升;BMI较高的人群,其BMD值比BMI较低的人群要高,而OP检出率则相反。
Objective To investigate the status of bone mineral density (BMD) and the status of osteoporosis (OP) in middle-aged and elderly women in Guangzhou and provide a scientific basis for prevention of osteoporosis in middle-aged and elderly women. Methods The bone density of lumbar spine, femoral neck and hip were measured by X-ray absorptiometry from 2010 to 2014 in a middle-aged and elderly woman aged 40 years and older who were examined at a physical examination center in Panyu District, Guangzhou City from 2010 to 2014. The changes of bone mass in all age groups Situation and the relationship with body mass index. Results A total of 2 992 women aged 40 and over were examined. The oldest was 89 years old and the mean age was (61.98 ± 10.59) years old. In different test sites, the BMD values of women of all age groups and BMI groups were different (all P <0.01). BMD decreased with age (P <0.01). The BMD of each part in the lean group was lower than those in the obese group, the overweight group and the normal group (P <0.01). There were 1 091 cases (36.46%) diagnosed as OP, 1 090 cases (36.43%) with osteopenia, and 27.11% normal BMD. The detection rate of OP increased with age (P <0.01). Except obesity group and overweight group, the detection rates of OP in other groups were significantly different (all P <0.01). Conclusion The bone mineral density (BMD) and the detection rate of OP are affected by age and BMI. With the increase of age, the BMD of the population gradually decreases and the detection rate of OP gradually increases. The BMD of the population with higher BMI is higher than that of BMI The low population is higher, while the OP detection rate is the opposite.