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档案利用工作是实现档案工作目的的直接手段,也是档案部门维持其地位和声誉的前提条件。然而,由于政治制度、阶级性质、生产力水平等社会条件不同,各个国家、各个时期的档案利用工作,无论在深度上还是在广度上,都存在着很大的差别。本文拟就我国档案利用工作发展史上的四次飞跃及其社会原因进行探讨,并试图寻找档案利用工作发展规律。第一次飞跃发生在春秋战国时期。此时档案因频繁的战乱和权力的更替而大量流散到社会,从而打破了奴隶主贵族对档案的垄断和封锁,冲出了“学在官府”的樊篱。受神权观念的支配,夏、商、周三个王朝的统治者都把档案作为维护其统治利益,镇压奴隶阶级反抗的一种重要的资政工具;司掌档案工作的都是权倾朝廷的史官;典藏档案的都是神圣不可侵犯的宗庙,档案和档案工作被蒙上了一层神秘的面纱;档案的利用范围和服务方向十分狭小、单一,只有极少数处于社会最上层的奴隶主贵族才有权利用档案,这无疑极大地制约了档案利用工作的发展。直到春秋战国时期,这种局面才逐渐被打破。
File utilization is the direct means of achieving the purpose of the file, but also the prerequisite of the file department to maintain its status and reputation. However, due to the different social conditions such as the political system, class nature and productivity, there are great differences in the utilization of archives in different countries and periods, both in terms of depth and breadth. This article intends to explore the four leaps in the development history of file utilization in our country and its social reasons, and tries to find the law of the development of file utilization. The first leap in the Spring and Autumn Period. At this moment, due to the frequent war and the replacement of power, the archives dumped into the society in a large amount, thus breaking the monopoly and blockade of slave aristocrats over archives and breaking the barrier of “learning from government”. Dominated by theocratic conceptions, the rulers of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties regarded the archives as an important tool for the government in safeguarding their dominant interests and repressing the resistance of the slave class. ; Archives are all sacred and sacred temple archives, file and file work was cast a layer of mysterious veil; the use of files and service direction is very small, single, only a handful of the most senior in the community of slave owners aristocracy The right to use the file, which has greatly restricted the development of file utilization. Until the Spring and Autumn Period, this situation has gradually been broken.