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目的观察经血水草生物碱(ECA)水溶液浸泡后钉螺肝脏超微结构及丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)的变化,探讨ECA杀灭钉螺的作用机理。方法用ECA浸泡钉螺48 h,解剖钉螺,取肝脏用常规方法制作透射电镜标本,采用日立H-600型透射电镜观察组织结构。测定25℃、不同浓度ECA、在不同时间对钉螺肝脏ALT、AST活性的影响。结果ECA浸泡后,钉螺肝细胞肿胀、变性,内质网扩张呈空泡状。线粒体嵴肿胀、模糊不清,部分嵴断裂或丢失,呈空泡变。毛细胆管扩张。部分细胞核坏死出现溶解或萎缩。绒毛减少、不规则或消失。在24 h和36 h时,ALT、AST酶活性均随ECA浓度的增加而升高,以后逐渐下降,各实验组与清水对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.01)。结论肝细胞损伤是血水草生物碱致钉螺死亡的重要原因。
Objective To observe the liver ultrastructure and the changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the soxhlet after soaking in aqueous solution of aqueous alkaloids (ECA), and to explore the mechanism of action of ECA in killing snails. Methods The snails were immersed in ECA for 48 h, and the snails were dissected. The liver tissues were made by transmission electron microscopy using conventional methods. The structure of the tissues was observed with Hitachi H-600 transmission electron microscope. The effects of different concentrations of ECA at 25 ℃ on the activities of ALT and AST in liver of Oncomelania hupensis were determined at different times. Results ECA soaked, hepatocytes hepatocytes swelling, degeneration, endoplasmic reticulum dilated vacuoles. Mitochondria cristae swelling, blurred, part of the crista fracture or loss, was vacuolar change. Capillary bile duct dilatation. Some nucleus necrosis appears to dissolve or atrophy. Fluff reduced, irregular or disappear. At 24 h and 36 h, the activities of ALT and AST increased with the increase of ECA concentration, and then decreased gradually. The differences between the experimental group and the control group were statistically significant (all P <0.01). Conclusion Hepatocyte injury is an important reason for the death of Oncomelania hupensis caused by alkaloids from blood plants.