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采用盆栽模拟实验研究了具化感作用的芝麻(Sesamum indicum)、花生(Arachis hypogaea)和田菁(Sesbania cannabina)秸秆全株还田对萝卜(Raphanus sativus)、黑麦草(Lolium multiforum)和黄瓜(Cucumis sativus)生长及土壤养分状况的影响,旨在评价秸秆还田释放养分与化感作用对后茬作物幼苗生长效应的综合影响。结果表明:秸秆还田能改善土壤养分状况,对后茬作物幼苗生长具有较好的促进作用。3种作物秸秆还田促进幼苗生长的大小顺序为花生秸秆>田菁秸秆>芝麻秸秆>对照,其中芝麻秸秆对土壤速效磷、速效钾含量提高最大,而花生和田菁秸秆对土壤有机质、全氮的贡献值远远高于另两种处理。3种秸秆还田均对后茬作物幼苗生长和土壤养分具有促进作用,其释放的养分因子占主导作用,而化感作用并未明显表现出阻碍后茬作物幼苗生长。可能原因在于秸秆还田后导致较高pH和土壤养分利于植物生长,并影响了秸秆化感物质的活性和化感作用的发挥。
Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of Sesamum indicum, Arachis hypogaea and Sesbania cannabina on the effects of Raphanus sativus, Lolium multiforum and Cucumis sativus growth and soil nutrient status in order to evaluate the combined effects of nutrient release and allelopathic effects of straw returning on seedling growth of the following crop. The results showed that returning straw to soil could improve the nutrient status of soil and promote the growth of seedlings of the following crop. The order of the three kinds of crop straw returning to seedling growth was peanut straw> Sesbania stalks> sesame straw> control, in which the sesame straw increased the content of available phosphorus and available potassium in the soil at the maximum, while the contents of soil organic matter, The contribution is much higher than the other two treatments. All the three kinds of straw returning promoted the seedling growth and soil nutrient of the following crop, and the nutrient factor was the dominant factor. However, the allelopathic effect did not obviously impede the seedling growth of the following crop. The possible reason is that straw returning to the soil leads to higher pH and plant nutrients conducive to plant growth, and affect the straw allelochemical activity and allelopathy play.