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在即将公布的《档案著录规则》国家标准中,明确地提出了标引主题词的要求,这对于每一个档案工作者来说,都是一个新的课题,也是当前亟待解决的问题。本文将从主题标引语言、主题词表和主题标引规范化等方面,谈谈档案主题标引工作标准化的若干问题。 一、档案主题标引语言 所谓档案主题标引,就是根据档案所论述的主题思想,选择最确切的词或词组来表达,使文献从主题方面获得检索途径。这种能揭示档案主题内容,并具有检索意义的词或词组,就是档案主题标引语言,也叫主题检索语言。档案主题标引按照所采用的语言可分为两种:一种是受控标引,一种是自由标引。进一步说,档案主题标引方法按有无“主题词表”作为标引依据来划分,可分为主题词法和自由词法。
In the forthcoming national standard of “Record Rules for Archives”, the requirement of indexing keywords is clearly put forward. This is a new issue for every archivist and a problem to be solved urgently. This article will discuss the standardization of archives subject indexing work from the aspects of the subject indexing language, thesaurus and the standardization of the subject indexing. First, the file thematic indexing language The so-called file thematic indexing, is based on the theme of the file discussed the theme, choose the most exact words or phrases to express, so that the literature retrieval route from the theme. This kind of word or phrase that can reveal the content of the archives and has retrieval significance is the archival topic indexing language, also called topic retrieval language. File subject indexing can be divided into two types according to the language used: one is controlled indexing and the other is free indexing. Further, the method of indexing the subject of the archives is divided according to whether the “thesaurus” is used as the index basis or not, which can be divided into thematic lexis and the free lexical.