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亚里士多德《诗学》中提出的“卡塔希斯”和孔子《论语》中论及的“兴观群怨”是中西方文论中定义文学的价值与功用的核心概念。本文从中西比较的角度对这两个概念进行研究,在分别探讨“卡塔希斯”和“兴观群怨”的内涵的基础上分析其异同。本文将“卡塔西斯”解读为一个包含了澄清、净化、宣泄以及平衡等多层含义的概念,同时将“兴观群怨”解读为包含了感发、观政治得失、群居相切磋以及宣泄怨愤等多层含义的对文学价值的综合阐释。“卡塔希斯”和“兴观群怨”的相似之处包括二者对中和与平衡的主张,对文学作品激发读者和观众情感的效果的重视,对文学的政治社会功用和美学价值的肯定以及对文学作品中美与善的统一的主张。二者的相异之处主要表现在二者对理性与情感关系的不同见解,对文学作品中情感表达方式的不同主张,以及对个人心理平衡与社会伦理平衡的不同侧重。对“卡塔希斯”与“兴观群怨”的比较研究,对于中西比较文学中元理论问题的理解以及中西方跨文化研究具有重要意义。
Argumentativeness of “Xing Guorui” in “Catharsis” and “Confucian Analects” in Aristotle’s Poetics is the value and function of defining literature in Chinese and Western literary theories Core idea. This paper studies the two concepts from the perspective of comparison between China and the West and analyzes the similarities and differences on the basis of exploring the connotations of “Catatheas ” and “Xing Guan ’s group resentment ” respectively. This article interprets “Cartasis” as a concept that contains multiple meanings of clarification, purification, catharsis and balance, meanwhile interprets Social intercourse and vent their grievances and other layers of meaning of the comprehensive interpretation of the value of literature. The similarities between the “Catatheas” and the “Xing Guan Group Resentment” include their propositions of neutralization and balance, their emphasis on the literary works to stimulate the readers’ and sentiments of the audience, their influence on the political society of literature The affirmation of the value of function and aesthetics and the proposition of the unification of the good and the good in the literature. The differences between the two are mainly manifested in their different views on the relationship between reason and emotion, different opinions on the way of expressing emotion in literary works, and different emphasis on the balance of individual psychology and social ethics. A comparative study of the metaphysical problems between “Catathess” and “Xing Guan Guansheng” is of great significance to the understanding of meta-theoretical issues in Chinese and Western comparative literature and to the cross-cultural studies between China and the West.