论文部分内容阅读
[目的]评估某企业办公室室内空气质量变化及其健康风险。[方法]于2011—2013年,选择某企业办公室进行空气中甲醛和苯浓度的检测,对2011年发现空气中甲醛及苯浓度超标的办公室采取通风、放置吸附剂等空气净化干预措施,应用健康风险评价方法对苯和甲醛的致癌和非致癌风险进行评估。[结果]从2011年至2013年,除部分办公室因新购置的办公用具中甲醛和苯的释放导致浓度上升外,其余办公室甲醛和苯浓度水平整体下降。对于甲醛或苯浓度超出GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》限值的办公室,采取干预措施后,在次年的检测中,其甲醛和苯浓度均低于检出限。办公室职业人群3年中的甲醛和苯致癌风险最大值分别为12.54×10-5和11.0×10-5。另有1间办公室苯的非致癌风险达到1.027 5,超出非致癌风险安全值1,但随着办公室采取干预措施后,甲醛和苯的致癌风险和非致癌风险明显下降。[结论]该企业部分办公室内甲醛和苯的浓度较高,其健康风险较大,采取干预措施能有效改善空气质量并降低职业人员健康风险。
[Purpose] To assess changes in indoor air quality and their health risks in a corporate office. [Methods] From 2011 to 2013, a company office was selected to test the concentration of formaldehyde and benzene in air. In 2011, air, formaldehyde adsorbent and other air purification interventions were found in offices that exceeded the concentration of formaldehyde and benzene in the air. Risk Assessment Methods The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of benzene and formaldehyde are assessed. [Results] From 2011 to 2013, the levels of formaldehyde and benzene in other offices decreased overall as a result of the release of formaldehyde and benzene from newly purchased office appliances. For offices with formaldehyde or benzene concentrations exceeding the limits of Indoor Air Quality Standard of GB / T 18883-2002, after the interventions are taken, the concentrations of formaldehyde and benzene in the following year are below the detection limit. The maximum occupational risk of formaldehyde and benzene in the office occupational population over three years was 12.54 × 10-5 and 11.0 × 10-5, respectively. In addition, the non-carcinogenic risk of benzene in one office reached 1.027 5, exceeding the non-carcinogenic safety risk of 1, but the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of formaldehyde and benzene decreased significantly following the interventions in the office. [Conclusion] The concentration of formaldehyde and benzene in some offices in this enterprise is high, so the health risks are high. Intervention can effectively improve the air quality and reduce the health risks of workers.