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由于特有的地质构造条件和自然地理环境,我国是世界上遭受自然灾害最严重的国家之一,洪涝、干旱、台风、冰雹、高温热浪、沙尘暴、地震、风暴潮、森林草原火灾等灾害频繁,呈灾害种类多、分布地域广、发生频率高、造成损失重的特点,全国平均每年有10次台风和热带风暴登陆。二十世纪全球发生的破坏性地震中,我国占1/3,死亡人数占1/2,自然灾害次数和受影响人口数均居于世界首位。自然灾害不仅造成社会经济的重大损失,还会导致大量的人员伤病甚至死亡,严重威胁人群的身心健康。灾后自然环境严重破坏,安全的饮用水和食品供给存在隐患,传染病传播媒介及宿主动物发生变化,人群居住生活条件恶化以及区域人员活动频繁等因素都可能造成灾区传染
Due to the unique geotectonic conditions and natural geographical environment, our country is one of the countries suffering the most serious natural disasters in the world. Disasters such as floods, droughts, typhoons, hail, heat waves, sandstorms, earthquakes, storm surges and forest grassland fires are frequent, It was characterized by many types of disasters, wide geographical distribution, high frequency of occurrence and heavy losses. There were 10 typhoons and tropical storms landing each year on average nationwide. In the devastating earthquakes that hit the world in the 20th century, our country accounted for one-third of the total number of deaths, and the number of natural disasters and the affected population ranked first in the world. Natural disasters not only cause great social and economic losses, but also lead to a large number of injuries and deaths, seriously threatening the physical and psychological health of the population. Serious natural environment damage after the disaster, safe drinking water and food supply, hidden dangers of infectious water and infectious diseases and host animals, deteriorating living and living conditions of the population and frequent activities of regional personnel may lead to contagion