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目的分析福建省2012—2013年5岁以下儿童主要死亡原因及特征,为卫生保健提供参考。方法对2012—2013年死因登记信息网络报告系统上报的死亡卡片进行描述性分析,用SAS软件进行假设检验。结果 2012—2013年5岁以下儿童死亡病例3 892例,婴儿占80.2%,新生儿占53.7%。感染性和母婴疾病比例最高(38.4%);前5位死因分别为围产期疾病、先天异常、诊断不明、伤害、慢性呼吸系统疾病,共占84.5%。男女性别构成在各年龄组存在明显差异;死亡时间按月分布冬春季有增高趋势;死亡地点主要在医院(53.6%),最高诊断依据主要是单纯临床诊断(50.4%),最高级别诊断单位主要是地市级医院(51.5%)。结论福建省5岁以下儿童死亡以婴儿居多,新生儿占婴儿的66.9%,新生儿保健仍是重点。围产期疾病、先天异常、诊断不明居前3位,需重点防范,并加强基层培训、提高报告质量。
Objective To analyze the causes and characteristics of major deaths among children under 5 in Fujian province from 2012 to 2013, and to provide reference for health care. Methods A descriptive analysis of the death cards reported by the 2012-13 cause of death registry information network reporting system was performed and SAS software was used to test the hypothesis. Results A total of 3 892 deaths among children under 5 years of age were reported in 2012-2013, with 80.2% of infants and 53.7% of newborns. The highest proportion of infective and maternal-fetal diseases was 38.4%. The top 5 causes of death were perinatal diseases, congenital anomalies, unknown diagnoses, injuries and chronic respiratory diseases, accounting for 84.5%. There was a significant difference in gender composition between men and women in each age group. The distribution of death time in months increased in winter and spring. The death was mainly in hospital (53.6%). The highest diagnosis was based on simple clinical diagnosis (50.4%), It is prefecture-level hospital (51.5%). Conclusion The deaths of infants under 5 years of age in Fujian Province are mostly infants, with infants accounting for 66.9% of infants. Neonatal health care is still the focus. Perinatal diseases, congenital anomalies, diagnosis is unknown in the top three, need to focus on prevention, and strengthen grassroots training to improve the quality of the report.