In this article, we derive the intrinsic equations for a generalized relaxed elastic line on an oriented surface in the Galilean 3-dimensional space G3 . These
In this article, we first investigate the properties of modular Frobenius groups. Then, we consider the case that G ′is a minimal normal subgroup of a modular
The loping OS-EM iteration is a numerically efficient regularization method for solving ill-posed problems. In this article we investigate the loping OS-EM iter