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目的:探讨天津市婴儿发育性髋关节发育不良（developmental dysplasia of the hip，DDH）的B超筛查Graf分型结果及危险因素。方法:回顾性分析2013年1月至2020年12月利用妇幼卫生保健三级管理和天津市妇幼卫生信息操作系统对生后6~8周的婴儿进行早期髋关节B超筛查的资料。筛查采用“初筛-复筛-确诊治疗”的“2+1”模式。统计筛查阳性率和不同年份、不同Graf分型患儿转诊治疗时的年龄，比较不同性别、胎次、胎位、生产方式、胎龄、出生体重、家族史患儿阳性率的差异，并采用二分类变量logistic回归分析筛选DDH的危险因素。结果:筛查婴儿807 889名，检出B超Graf分型Ⅱa型及以上阳性2 039例（2 841髋），检出阳性率为2.52‰（2 039/807 889）。异常髋中Ⅱa（+）型685髋、Ⅱa（-）型959髋、Ⅱb型367髋、Ⅱc型262髋、D型227髋、Ⅲ型265髋、Ⅳ型76髋；占比最多的依次为Ⅱa（-）型（33.76%，959/2 841）、Ⅱa（+）型（24.11%，685/2 841）、D型及以上型（19.99%，568/2 841）。左侧髋异常率为2.02‰（1 632/807 889），大于右侧的1.50‰（1 209/807 889），侧别差异有统计学意义（χn 2=63.09，n P<0.001）。女婴髋异常率为3.27‰（2 541/777 272），大于男婴的0.36‰（300/838 506），性别差异有统计学意义（χn 2=1 947.87，n P<0.001）。男婴DDH阳性率0.50‰（209/419 253）、女婴4.71‰（1 830/388 636），男女婴检出比为1∶8.76，不同性别DDH阳性率的差异有统计学意义（χn 2=1 420.10，n P<0.001）。不同胎位（头位/臀位）、生产方式（顺产/剖宫产）、出生体重（正常/低体重）、家族史（有DDH/无DDH）患儿DDH阳性率的差异均有统计学意义（n P0.05）。Logistic回归分析结果显示，女婴（n OR=10.50，n P<0.001）和胎位为臀位（n OR=3.40，n P<0.001）是DDH发生的独立危险因素，早产（n OR=0.91，n P<0.001）为DDH的保护因素。各年份不同B超Graf分型患儿转诊治疗年龄的差异均有统计学意义（n P<0.05）。n 结论:经“初筛-复筛-确诊治疗”的“2+1”筛查模式，天津市生后6~8周婴儿B超筛查DDH的阳性率为2.52‰，女婴、左侧髋阳性率更高。B超Graf分型越严重的患儿转诊治疗的年龄越小。女婴、胎位为臀位者更容易发生DDH，早产使发生DDH的风险降低。“,”Objective:To investigate the Graf classification results and risk factors of infants for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by B-ultrasound screening in Tianjin.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted from January 2013 to December 2020 using the three-tier maternal and child health care management and the Tianjin maternal and child health information system for the early B-ultrasound screening data of 6-8 weeks old infants. The “2+1” screening model of “primary screening-re-screening-diagnostic treatment” was applied. The positive screening rate and age of infants at the time of referral for treatment in different years and different Graf classifications were analyzed, and the differences in positive infants with different sex, parity, fetal position, mode of production, gestational age, birth weight, and family history were compared. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors for DDH.Results:A total of 807 889 babies were screened, and 2 039 children (2 841 hips) were detected with B-ultrasound Graf classification count IIa and above, with the positive rate was 2.52‰ (2 039/807 889). Among the abnormal hips, 685 were type IIa(+) hips, 959 were type IIa(-) hips, 367 were type IIb hips, 262 were type IIc hips, 227 were type D hips, 265 were type III hips, and 76 were type IV hips. Type IIa(-) was the most common, accounting for 33.76% (959/2 841), type IIa(+) accounted for 24.11% (685/2 841), type D and above was 19.99%(568/2 841). The abnormality rate of the left hip was 2.02‰ (1 632/807 889), which was greater than 1.50‰ (1 209/807 889) of the right side, and the difference is statistically significant (χn 2=63.09, n P<0.001). The rate of hip abnormalities in female infants was 3.27‰ (2 541/777 272), greater than 0.36‰ (300/838 506) in male infants, which the difference between the sexes had statistically significant (χn 2=1 947.871, n P<0.001). The positive rate of DDH in male infants was 0.50‰ (209/419 253), and that in female infants was 4.71‰ (1 830/388 636). The detection ratio of male to female infants was 1∶8.76, and the difference in the positive rate of DDH between the sexes was statistically significant (χn 2=1 420.102, n P<0.001). Different fetal position (cephalic position/breech presentation), delivery method (normal delivery/cesarean section), birth weight (normal/low weight), family history (with DDH/without DDH) showed statistically significant differences in the positive rate of DDH (n P0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that gender (n OR=10.50, n P<0.001) and fetal position (n OR=3.40, n P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DDH, and gestational age (n OR=0.91, n P<0.001) was a protective factor for DDH. Differences in referral age of infants with different B-ultrasound Graf classification from year to year were statistically significant (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:Through the “2+1” screening model of “primary screening-re-screening-diagnostic treatment”, the DDH positive rate in 6-8 weeks old infants in Tianjin was 2.52‰, and the positive rate of DDH in female infants and left hip was higher. The more severe the Graf classification of B-ultrasound was, the younger the age of referral was. Women and infants with breech presentation had a higher risk of developing DDH, and the risk of DDH in preterm infants was lower.