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目的了解小儿热性惊厥(FS)患儿脑电图特征、影响因素及检查的主要注意事项。方法对2002年1月-2011年12月就诊于该院病历、脑电图资料齐全、随访至少3年的FS患儿659例间歇期脑电图进行分析,包括异常构成比、异常类型及异常结果与患儿年龄、FS分型、患儿感染病因、FS家族史、癫痫家族史、检查距离惊厥发作时间早晚的关系,并结合文献,总结FS患儿脑电图的特点、异常结果的影响因素及脑电图检查的主要注意事项。结果659例患儿脑电图结果异常144例(21.9%),其中非特异性异常126例,占所有异常患者的87.5%;癫痫样放电18例,占所有异常患者的12.5%。患儿年龄、FS分型、发热原因、FS及癫痫家族史对脑电图结果无显著性差异(P>0.05),脑电图检查在患儿惊厥发作后时间的早晚有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 FS患儿脑电图异常主要以非特异性异常为主,癫痫样放电较少见、脑电图检查时间为脑电图结果的主要影响因素。发作后早期脑电图异常率明显偏高,其结果对复发和发展为癫痫缺乏预见性价值,考虑到FS的良性预后,减少发作和发热对脑电图的影响,发作2周后进行脑电图检查并进行多次复查,能提高脑电图在判断FS预后判断方面的作用。
Objective To understand the characteristics of EEG in children with febrile seizures (FS), the influencing factors and the main precautions to be taken. Methods From January 2002 to December 2011, 659 patients with FS were followed up for at least 3 years with intermittent EEG analysis, including abnormal constituent ratio, abnormal type and abnormality The results were related to the age, type of FS, the cause of infection in children, family history of FS, familial history of epilepsy, and the relationship between the onset time of seizures and the time of onset of seizures. Based on the literature, the characteristics of EEG in FS children and the effect of abnormal results Factors and major precautions for EEG examination. Results There were 144 cases (21.9%) with abnormal electroencephalogram in 659 children, including 126 cases of nonspecific abnormalities, accounting for 87.5% of all abnormal cases. Eighteen cases of epileptiform discharges accounted for 12.5% of all abnormal cases. There was no significant difference in the results of EEG between the age of infants, FS classification, fever, family history of FS and epilepsy (P> 0.05), and the time of EEG was significantly different between morning and evening after onset of seizure (P <0.01). Conclusions EEG abnormalities in FS patients are mainly nonspecific abnormalities. Epileptiform discharges are rare, and time of electroencephalogram (EEG) examination is the main influencing factor of electroencephalogram results. EEG abnormality after the attack was significantly higher, the results of the recurrence and development of epilepsy lack of predictive value, taking into account the benign prognosis of FS, reduce the attack and fever on the EEG, two weeks after the onset of EEG Figure examination and repeated review, can improve the prognosis of EEG to determine the role of judgment.