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船源油污强制清除作业由海事主管机关主导,受残骸清除制度、海洋污染防治制度和海难救助制度规制。在船源油污强制清除制度下,海事主管机关既可能为公法下的行政强制实施者、委托者或行政监督者,也可能以海事请求人身份,在私法下就残骸清除、油污防治或海难救助作业求偿。一旦发生制度竞合,有时可由其自由选择求偿途径,有时则须依据清污作业的主旨和内容,依照相关强制性规定划分作业性质。我国国内海洋油污治理法规应注意与相关国际公约接轨,加强不同位阶的公私法间的协调衔接。
Crude ship oil source mandatory removal operations by the maritime authorities led by the wreck removal system, marine pollution prevention and control system and the salvage system regulation. Under the system of mandatory removal of oil from sources, the maritime authorities may either be administrative enforcers, delegates or administrative supervisors under public law or may also act as maritime requesters for removal of debris, oil pollution prevention or salvage under private law Job claims. In the event of institutional competition, sometimes by its freedom to choose ways of compensation, and sometimes must be based on the purview of the operation and content, in accordance with the relevant mandatory provisions of the nature of the operation. China’s domestic oil and marine pollution laws and regulations should pay attention to the relevant international conventions and strengthen the coordination of different levels of public-private law convergence.