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论述了常温发黑的基本原理,介绍了一种钢铁件常温快速发黑的工艺,其流程主要包括:化学除油,强腐蚀,再次化学除油,弱腐蚀,常温发黑及后处理。发黑液配方为:五水合硫酸铜20g/L,硝酸钾3g/L,亚硒酸20g/L,六水合硝酸镍5g/L,85%磷酸5mL/L,一水合柠檬酸12.5g/L,二水合钼酸钠15g/L,氯酸钾1g/L。探讨了温度、pH和处理时间对发黑质量的影响。指出了发黑液日常维护应注意的问题,并给出了常见故障(如膜层不连续、疏松、色淡、光泽差、有锈斑、发花等)的处理方法。
The basic principle of blackening at room temperature is discussed. A process of quickly blackening steel at room temperature is introduced. The main processes include chemical degreasing, strong corrosion, chemical degreasing, weak corrosion, blackening and post-treatment at room temperature. Black liquor formulations: copper sulfate pentahydrate 20g / L, potassium nitrate 3g / L, selenious acid 20g / L, nickel nitrate hexahydrate 5g / L, 85% phosphoric acid 5mL / L, citric acid monohydrate 12.5g / L , Sodium molybdate dihydrate 15g / L, potassium chlorate 1g / L. The effects of temperature, pH and treatment time on the blackening quality were discussed. Pointed out that the routine maintenance of black liquor should pay attention to the problem, and gives the common failures (such as the film is not continuous, loose, pale, shiny, rusty spots, hair flowers, etc.) approach.