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司马迁是我国历史上杰出的史学家和文学家。司马迁字子长,陕西韩城人。出身于世代相传的天文家和历史家的家庭里,父亲司马谈是武帝时太史令(史官)。司马迁生于汉景帝中元五年(公元前145年),卒于公元前90年。司马迁幼年对,曾在家乡种田放牛——“耕牧河山之阳”。后因父亲司马谈做太史令,把家搬迁到了长安附近的茂陵显武里。司马迁幼年就很聪敏,学习又很勤奋。十岁便能诵读用“古文”写的书。后来,他又向今文学派大师董仲舒学习《公羊春秋》,向古文学派大师孔国安学习古文《尚书》。司马迁对历史和文学都有浓厚的兴趣。随着年龄的增长,书本知识有了较多的积蓄,但他想到父亲司马谈平时的教导,要写出一部好的历史,光凭书本知识很不够,还必须作实地调查,广泛收集流传在人们口头上的生活资料。于是,他二十岁那年,就从长安出发,到大江南北的许多地方访求古代史书,向老人采访古代遗事,调查了解各地情况。他随身带着许多竹简、木板,把看到、听到的历史资料记下来。他是收集活资料的“有心人”。做官后,不论是奉使到四川、云南,或是侍从汉武
Sima Qian is an outstanding historian and writer in our history. Sima Qian Zi Zi, Shaanxi Hancheng people. Born in a family of astronomers and historians from generation to generation, his father, Sima Tan, was Emperor Wu Shi Shi Shi Ling (historian). Sima Qian was born in Han Emperor Jing Zhongyuan five years (145 BC), died in 90 BC. Sima Qian childhood pairs, once in his hometown farming cattle - “farming animal husbandry rivers and mountains.” Later, due to his father, Sima Tan to do too much, the family moved to Changan near Maoling Xian Buri. Sima Qian childhood is very smart, very hardworking to learn. At the age of 10 we can read books written in Ancient Chinese. Later, he also studied “Spring and Autumn of the Spring” with Dong Zhongshu, the master of modern literary genres, and learned the ancient book Shangshu from Kong Guoan, an ancient Chinese school master. Sima Qian has a strong interest in history and literature. With the growth of age, books have more savings, but he thought his father Sima Ping talk about teaching, to write a good history, literary knowledge alone is not enough, but also must conduct fact-finding, extensive collection of circulating In people’s oral life information. As a result, when he was twenty, he proceeded from Chang’an to many places in north and south of the Great River to visit ancient history books, interview ancient people with old people and investigate and investigate the situation there. He carried many bamboo slips and boards with him and wrote down the historical data he had seen and heard. He is a “conscientious person” who collects living information. After serving an official, either to Sichuan, Yunnan, or serve Hanwu