三峡库区坡地林草植被阻止降雨径流侵蚀

来源 :农业工程学报 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:kpku88
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为了研究林草调控措施对坡面降雨径流侵蚀的影响及其对坡面侵蚀动力的调控效果,该文在重庆开县选择栾树+黄花槐、传统农作、植物篱、封山育林、自然恢复、经济林以及裸地对照7种林草治理措施并修建标准径流小区,通过观测产流产沙状况,分析比较其水土流失特征。结果表明:林草调控措施深刻影响降雨侵蚀动力,并对坡耕地径流侵蚀量产生较大的影响。林草调控措施中,均以裸地对照样地产流、产沙量最大,而以栾树+黄花槐和植物篱措施的产流、产沙最小,水土保持效果最为明显。以洪峰流量模数和径流深表示的坡面径流侵蚀功率与侵蚀产沙量呈正相关关系,说明径流侵蚀功率能够较好的模拟侵蚀动力;以径流侵蚀功率/侵蚀量表示不同林草调控措施对侵蚀结果的影响,可以成为评价植被侵蚀动力调控效应的指标。在未来三峡库区植被恢复与生态环境建设过程中,通过各种林草调控措施的逐步实施,重视和发展植被的恢复与重建,对于当地生态环境的改善和水土流失的治理具有重要的意义。 In order to study the effect of forest and grass control measures on rainfall runoff erosion and its control effect on slope erosion dynamics, this paper chooses Luanghuang + Hwaghuaihuai, traditional farming, hedgerow, hillsides afforestation, natural restoration, economic forest in Kaixian, Chongqing Control of 7 forest and grass control measures and the construction of standard runoff plot in bare land. By analyzing the status of runoff and sediment production, the characteristics of soil erosion were analyzed and compared. The results showed that the forest and grass control measures had a profound impact on the motivation of rainfall erosion and had a significant impact on the runoff erosion on sloping farmland. In grassland and grassland control measures, both the landflow and the sediment yield were the highest in bare land, but the runoff and waste water produced by the measures of Lonicera japonica + Hedgerow and Hedgerow were the smallest, and the effect of soil and water conservation was the most obvious. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between runoff erosion power and erosion and sediment yield with flood peak flow modulus and runoff depth, indicating that runoff erosion power could simulate the erosion dynamics better and that runoff erosion power / erosion volume showed different control measures The impact of erosion results can be used as an indicator to evaluate the dynamic regulation effect of vegetation erosion. In the process of vegetation restoration and ecological environment construction in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, through the gradual implementation of various forest and grassland control measures, the importance and development of vegetation restoration and reconstruction will be of great significance to the improvement of local ecological environment and the management of soil and water loss.
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