努力实现由“应试教育”向素质教育转轨国家教委基础教育司司长王文湛《中国教育改革和发展纲要》指出：“中小学要由‘应试教育’转向全面提高国民素质的轨道。”这是党中央、国务院对教育战线提出的一项紧迫任务。１９８２年《宪法》第１９条指出：“发展社会主义教育，... Efforts to improve the transition from “exam-oriented education” to quality education Wang Wenzhan, Director of the Department of Basic Education of the National Education Commission of the People’s Republic of China pointed out “The Outline of China’s Education Reform and Development” pointed out: “Primary and secondary schools should shift from ’education for exams’ to an overall improvement of the quality of the people.” This is the Party. The central government and the State Council put forward an urgent task for the education front. Article 19 of the 1982 Constitution states: "The development of socialist education,...