在我们考虑是否要相信某种陈述的时候,总是想要找出关于这种陈述的事实证据。哲学家把这种特征称为信念的“透明度”特征。要解决证据论者和实用主义者在信念伦理学中的矛盾,就应当诉诸于对透明度的正确解释。因为这种透明度特征反映了信念的概念性事实:当且仅当P的时候,关于P的信念为真。这种规范性的真理使得只有证据才能成为信念的理由。 When we think about believing in a statement, we always want to find factual evidence of such a statement. Philosophers refer to this trait as the “transparency” feature of faith. To solve the contradiction between the evidence theoreticians and the pragmatists in the belief ethics, we should resort to the correct interpretation of the transparency. Because this transparency characteristic reflects the conceptual fact of belief: the belief in P is true if and only if P. This normative truth allows only evidence to be a source of conviction.