人类从各种方式的辐射的使用中深得其益,放射性同位素和射线在医学上的各种应用,具有重要的价值。但是,若过量照射或者说不适当使用各种射线,可对使用者、被使用者以及广大群众的身体健康造成危害或潜在危害,这是大家早已熟知的事实。对于电离辐射使用中的卫生防护要求,早在1895年伦琴发现X射线和1896年贝克勒尔提出放射性后不久,就已为人们所注意。人们很自然地提出, Humans have benefited from the use of radiation in all its forms. The use of radioisotopes and radiation in medicine is of great value. However, it is a well-known fact that excessive radiation or improper use of various types of radiation can endanger or potentially harm the health of users, users and the general public. As far as the protection requirements for the use of ionizing radiation are concerned, it was not long before Rogen discovered X-rays in 1895 and Becquerel in 1896 proposed radioactivity. People naturally put forward,