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生物土壤结皮能直接或间接地影响维管植物种子萌发与群落建成,种子本身的生物学特征(如种子附属物等)对萌发也存在一定影响。本研究选取古尔班通古特沙漠4种常见的具有不同形态附属物的藜科植物(梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、粗枝猪毛菜(Salsola subcrassa)、心叶驼绒藜(Ceratoides ewersmanniana)和角果藜(Ceratocarpus arenarius))种子,设置苔藓结皮、地衣结皮和裸沙3种土壤基质,通过去除或保留种子附属物,对比研究了生物土壤结皮与种子附属物对种子萌发的影响。结果表明:粗枝猪毛菜和梭梭的苞片显著抑制了种子萌发(p<0.05),心叶驼绒藜的柔毛和角果藜的刺状附属物对种子萌发没有显著影响(p>0.05)。与裸沙相比,苔藓结皮显著抑制了4种植物种子的萌发(p<0.05),地衣结皮显著抑制了粗枝猪毛菜种子的萌发(p<0.01),而对其他3种植物种子的萌发无显著影响(p>0.05)。同时,附属物与结皮对粗枝猪毛菜种子的萌发还具有交互作用,表现为显著抑制种子萌发(p<0.01)。可见,生物土壤结皮对具有不同附属物的荒漠植物种子萌发具有不同的影响,进而造成维管植物种子萌发的空间异质性,影响维管植物分布和多样性。
Biological soil crust can directly or indirectly affect the seed germination and community formation of vascular plants. The biological characteristics of the seed itself (such as seed appendages, etc.) also have an impact on germination. In this study, four kinds of Chenopodiaceae plants (Haloxylon ammodendron, Salsola subcrassa, Ceratoides ewersmanniana and (Ceratocarpus arenarius) seed, the three kinds of soil matrices such as moss crusts, lichens crusts and bare soil were set up to study the effects of biological soil crusts and seed attachments on seed germination by removing or retaining the seed attachments . The results showed that the bracts of Brachiaria sibirica and Haloxylon ammodendron significantly inhibited the seed germination (p <0.05), and the silky appendages of Curcuma longissima and Tribulus terrestris had no significant effect on seed germination (p> 0.05). Compared with bare sand, moss crust significantly inhibited seed germination of four species (p <0.05), lichen crust significantly inhibited the germination of seeds (p <0.01), while the other three species Seed germination had no significant effect (p> 0.05). At the same time, appendages and crusts also had an interaction on the germination of the seeds of Scutellaria barbata, with a significant inhibition of seed germination (p <0.01). It can be seen that biological soil crusts have different effects on the seed germination of desert plants with different appendages, which in turn leads to the spatial heterogeneity of the germination of vascular plants and affects the distribution and diversity of vascular plants.