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目的了解湖南口岸出入境人员的传染病流行分布特点及趋势,为有效开展疾病监测体检和预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法对2004-2008年湖南口岸的35 668名出入境人员的部分传染病监测情况进行统计分析。结果共检出各类传染病感染者3 167例,总检出率8.88%;其中以HBsAg检出率最高,为2 519例,五年HBsAg总检出率为7.06%,占五类传染病感染率构成比79.54%;而近年来HIV与梅毒检出率上升幅度较大。五类传染病感染者均以出国劳务人员为最多,占总检出量的46.16%。各年度传染病感染率比较,差异有显著性(χ2=37.88,P<0.005)。监测人群各年龄组除去20岁以下的五类传染病阳性率最低,为3.67%外,其他年龄组传染病检出率无显著性差异(χ2=3.25,P>0.05)。结论应进一步加强重点人群和重点传染病的卫生监管,完善疾病监测体检工作,采取有针对性的预防措施,有效控制传染病的蔓延。
Objective To understand the epidemiological distribution and trend of infectious diseases among entry and exit personnel in Hunan Port and provide a scientific basis for the effective examination of disease surveillance and prevention and control. Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the surveillance of some infectious diseases among 35 668 immigrants at the Hunan Port from 2004 to 2008. Results A total of 3 167 cases of all kinds of infectious diseases were detected, with a total detection rate of 8.88%. The highest detection rate of HBsAg was 2 519 cases and the total detection rate of HBsAg was 7.06% in five years, accounting for five types of infectious diseases Infection rate constitutes 79.54%; and HIV and syphilis in recent years, the detection rate increased significantly. Five types of infectious diseases were infected with the largest number of workers abroad, accounting for 46.16% of the total amount detected. The infection rates of infectious diseases in each year were significantly different (χ2 = 37.88, P <0.005). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of infectious diseases in other age groups (χ2 = 3.25, P> 0.05) except for the lowest positive rate of five types of infectious diseases under the age of 20 in all age groups in monitoring population except for 3.67%. Conclusion The health supervision of key populations and key infectious diseases should be further strengthened, the disease surveillance and medical examination should be perfected, and targeted prevention measures should be taken to effectively control the spread of infectious diseases.