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目的 分析一起SARS爆发流行的病例分布特点 ,了解传播途径 ,为有效控制SARS的发生与蔓延提供科学依据。 方法 采用回顾性调查和现场流行病学调查方法 ,对SARS局部爆发进行调查 ,利用Exce15 0软件和SPSS10 0软件分析该起SARS病例的时间分布、空间分布和人群分布及聚集性特征。根据传播链分析传播关系。 结果 由首发病例 (指征病例 )引起感染或继发感染病人 79例 ,年龄分布在 19～ 69岁 ,男性占 5 1 89% ,女性占48 11%。发病人群包括护士、医生、同期住院患者、家属、其他人员人员 ,分别占 3 6 71%、12 66%、7 5 9%、10 13 %和3 2 99%。病例分布有四个时段 ,医护人员发病时间主要集中于第一、二个高峰时段 ,院内非医护人员和院外人员发病时间集中第三高峰 ,医务人员家属发病时间主要分布在第四个时段。密切接触是SARS传播的主要途径 ,尤其是近距离接触病例获得感染的机会比较大 ,SARS病例空间分布主要集中在几个科室 , 结论 该起SARS流行分布具有明显的聚集性 ,为典型的院内SARS爆发感染 ;医务人员应对飞沫和接触性传播采取严格的控制措施 ,加强对该病的防范意识。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the distribution characteristics of a SARS outbreak epidemic, understand the route of transmission, and provide a scientific basis for effectively controlling the occurrence and spread of SARS. Methods A retrospective survey and field epidemiological investigation were conducted to investigate the SARS outbreaks. The distribution of SARS cases, spatial distribution, population distribution and clustering characteristics were analyzed using Exce15 software and SPSS10 software. According to the transmission chain analysis of communication relations. Results 79 cases of primary infection or secondary infection were caused by initial cases (indications), ranging in age from 19 to 69 years. There were 51 89% of males and 48 11% of females. Including nurses, doctors, inpatients, family members and other staff in the same period accounted for 36.61%, 12.66%, 75.5%, 10.13% and 3.29% respectively. The distribution of cases has four periods. The onset time of medical staff mainly concentrated in the first and second peak hours. The non-medical staff and hospital staff in the hospital concentrated the third peak in the onset time. The incidence of medical staff was mainly distributed in the fourth period. Close contact is the main way of SARS transmission. Especially for close contact cases, the chances of getting infection are relatively large. The spatial distribution of SARS cases is mainly concentrated in several departments. Conclusion The prevalence of SARS is obviously aggregated, which is typical of in-hospital SARS Outbreaks of infection; medical staff should take strict control measures on the droplets and contact transmission, to strengthen awareness of the prevention of the disease.