目的筛选出适合唇形科常见药用植物的DNA条形码序列。方法通过对33种唇形科常见药用植物的核糖体ITS序列和40种唇形科常见药用植物的叶绿体matK基因进行PCR扩增和测序,用MEGA 6.0软件计算其种间、种内的Kimura2-parameter(K2P)距离及各序列变异位点,评估序列的条形码间距(barcoding gap),采用邻接法(neighbor-joining,NJ)构建系统聚类树。结果 ITS序列长度为620~698 bp,平均(G+C)量为62.8%,叶绿体matK基因序列长度为859~932 bp,平均(G+C)量为34%,ITS序列与matK基因都有明显的barcoding gap,但matK基因的barcoding gap要小于ITS序列,从聚类分析来看,matK基因能更好地鉴定唇形科不同物种。结论推荐matK基因序列作为唇形科植物鉴定的优选序列之一。 Objective To screen DNA barcode sequences suitable for common medicinal plants of Labiatae. Methods The ribosomal ITS sequences of common medicinal plants from 33 species of Labiatae and the matK gene of chloroplast from 40 species of common labiatae of Labiatae were amplified by PCR and sequenced. MEGA 6.0 software was used to calculate the intraspecific, intraspecific (K2P) distance and each sequence variation site to evaluate the barcoding gap of the sequence. Neighbor-joining (NJ) was used to construct the phylogenetic tree. Results The length of ITS sequence was from 620 to 698 bp with an average (G + C) content of 62.8%. The matK gene sequence of chloroplast was 859-932 bp in length with an average (G + C) content of 34% However, the barcoding gap of matK gene is smaller than ITS sequence. From the cluster analysis, matK gene can better identify different species of Labiatae. Conclusion The matK gene sequence is recommended as one of the preferred sequences for the identification of Labiatae plants.