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为了研究湖泊冰消融过程中的水文特征,以内蒙古乌梁素海湖泊为研究对象,对湖泊冰消融过程中气温、冰温、水温和冰厚度进行连续观测,以分析冰温和水温对气温变化的响应,并建立冰厚度与累积正积温间的关系。用冰钻钻取6根处于不同消融时期的冰芯样品,测定其表观密度,并从冰的晶体类型、表面特征、冰体透明度、气泡形态和气泡数量等方面分析冰柱的形态结构。结果表明:气温是影响冰温变化的主要因素,但冰温的变化过程滞后于气温的;冰下水的温度稳定在-0.20~-0.35℃,不受气温的影响。湖冰消融期冰的表观密度为611.5~920.3kg/m3,小于纯冰的密度,其随着冰层的消融而减小;且冰层上部密度小于中下部的,这主要冰融水沿孔隙下渗有关;随着湖冰的消融,冰的晶体类型、冰表面特征、冰体透明度、气泡形态和气泡数量等方面均有较大变化。
In order to study the hydrological characteristics during the process of lake ice ablation, taking the lake in Wuliangsuhai of Inner Mongolia as the research object, the temperature, ice temperature, water temperature and ice thickness during the process of ice ablation were observed continuously to analyze the response of ice temperature and water temperature to temperature changes. And establish the relationship between ice thickness and accumulated positive temperature. Six ice core samples at different ablation times were drilled with ice core and their apparent densities were measured. The morphological structure of icicles was analyzed from the aspects of crystal type, surface features, ice body transparency, bubble shape and bubble number. The results show that air temperature is the main factor affecting the ice temperature change, but the change of ice temperature lags behind the air temperature. The ice water temperature is stable at -0.20 ~ -0.35 ℃, independent of temperature. The apparent density of ice during ice-melting is 611.5-920.3 kg / m3, which is smaller than the density of pure ice, which decreases with the ablation of ice layer. The upper density of ice layer is less than that of the middle and lower part, Pore infiltration; with the ice lake ablation, the crystal type of ice, the characteristics of the ice surface, ice body transparency, bubble shape and the number of bubbles and other aspects have great changes.