我国是世界第二大结核病高负担国家,2013年我国的结核病发病例数为90万~110万,约占世界总发病人数的11%[1]。耐药结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Mtb)菌株的产生和耐药结核病的流行是结核病控制的最大障碍。2010年,第五次全国结核病流行病学调查显示[2],我国一线抗结核药物的耐药率为36.8%,二线抗结核药物的耐药率 China is the second largest TB burden country in the world. In 2013, the number of tuberculosis cases in China was between 900,000 and 1,100,000, accounting for about 11% of the world’s total number of cases [1]. The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strains and the emergence of drug-resistant TB are the two major obstacles to tuberculosis control. In 2010, the fifth national epidemiological survey of tuberculosis showed that [2] the resistance rate of first-line anti-TB drugs in China was 36.8%, and the second-line anti-TB drug resistance rate