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近年自然灾害在世界各地多次发生,对人类生命财产造成重大损失,但现有研究缺乏基于建设系统视角的自然灾害影响系统分析。对此,提出了自然灾害影响整体理论分析框架,并以汶川地震为例,揭示了自然灾害、建设系统和社会间的作用机理,及建设系统在自然灾害管理中的重要作用。分析结果表明建设系统应注重灾害链综合影响,例如对于地震灾害,建设项目选址需以合理避开灾害易发区等方式断链减灾,通过提高抗震设计等级、优化房屋结构和采用优质材料等方法增强抗震能力,并建立完善的建设监管体系(特别是农村地区)以保障工程的建设质量,以指导我国自然灾害防治、应对和灾后重建。
In recent years, natural disasters have occurred many times in various parts of the world, causing heavy losses to human life and property. However, the existing research lacks systematic analysis of the natural disasters affecting systems based on the perspective of construction systems. In this regard, a theoretical framework for the analysis of the effects of natural disasters is proposed. Taking the Wenchuan earthquake as an example, the mechanism of natural disasters, construction systems and social interactions is revealed, and the important role of construction systems in natural disaster management is revealed. The results of the analysis show that the construction system should pay attention to the comprehensive impact of the disaster chain. For example, for the earthquake disaster, the location of the construction project needs to avoid chain disaster mitigation by reasonably avoiding the disaster prone areas, improve the structure of the earthquake-resistant buildings, Methods to enhance the seismic capacity, and establish a sound regulatory system (especially in rural areas) to protect the quality of construction projects to guide our natural disaster prevention, response and post-disaster reconstruction.