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[目的]比较世界卫生组织(World Healthy Organization WHO)标准和美国国家卫生统计中心(National Center of Healthy Statistics NCHS)标准评价5岁以下儿童体格发育状况。[方法]利用2006年江西省农村儿童调查资料,比较不同生长标准的儿童Z值和营养不良率。[结果]6月龄内WHO标准所得WAZ(0.22)低于NCHS标准(0.57)(t=9.59,P﹤0.01),6月龄后前者均较后者高。WHO标准计算的低体重率(6.7%)低于NCHS标准(10.4%),降低了36%(χ2=64.19,P﹤0.01)。24月龄内WHO和NCHS标准的HAZ相近;2岁以后前者则低于后者。WHO标准计算的生长迟缓率为14.7%,较NCHS标准的10.8%增加了36%(χ2=52.5,P﹤0.01)。WHO标准所得平均WHZ为-0.09,高于NCHS标准的-0.28(t=11.06,P﹤0.01)。除6月龄内婴儿WHZ前者(0.49)低于后者外(0.70)(t=4.95,P﹤0.01),其余年龄段前者均高于后者。WHO标准所得消瘦率为2.3%,和NCHS标准(2.5%)相近(χ2=0.43,P=0.51)。[结论]WHO标准和NCHS标准评价5岁以下儿童体格发育随年龄和评价指标变化存在不同差异,WHO标准可更好地监测婴儿早期生长发育,使用该标准将有利于推动母乳喂养和科学的辅食添加。
[Objective] To evaluate the physical development status of children under 5 years old by comparing the standards of World Health Organization WHO and the National Center of Healthy Statistics NCHS. [Method] Based on the survey data of rural children in Jiangxi Province in 2006, the Z value and malnutrition rate of children with different growth criteria were compared. [Results] The WAZ (0.22) of WHO standard within 6 months of age was lower than that of NCHS (0.57) (t = 9.59, P <0.01). The low body weight rate (6.7%) calculated by the WHO standard was lower than the NCHS standard (10.4%) by 36% (χ2 = 64.19, P <0.01). WHO and NCHS standard HAZ are similar in 24 months of age; the former is lower than the latter after 2 years of age. The WHO standard calculated rate of growth retardation was 14.7%, an increase of 36% over the 10.8% of the NCHS standard (χ2 = 52.5, P <0.01). WHO WHZ average standard income -0.09, higher than the NCHS standard -0.28 (t = 11.06, P <0.01). Except 6 months of age, the former WHZ (0.49) was lower than the latter (0.70) (t = 4.95, P <0.01), while the other age groups were higher than the latter. WHO standard wasting rate of 2.3%, and the NCHS standard (2.5%) similar (χ2 = 0.43, P = 0.51). [Conclusion] The WHO standard and NCHS standard appraise the physical development of children under 5 years old with the difference of age and evaluation indexes. The WHO standard can better monitor the infant early growth and development. Using this standard will be helpful to promote breastfeeding and scientific supplementary food Add to.