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为提高海洋平台事故发生时应急撤离(EER)效率、减少人员伤亡,基于事故案例调研结果对应急撤离过程进行风险分析。首先提取各阶段事故致因因素,采用逻辑树模型探索致因因素内在逻辑关系和人员死亡事故模式及风险路径,进而提出风险控制措施,最后基于屏障理论建立安全屏障模型。结果表明:海洋平台应急撤离事故是环境、人因、设备、管理多因耦合结果;逻辑树模型能直观系统地展示事故发生的因果关系,利用逻辑树模型得出应急撤离事故的4种人员死亡模式和9条风险传播路径;基于控制措施的安全屏障模型是应急撤离有效响应的保障。
In order to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation (EER) at the time of offshore platform accident and reduce the casualties, the risk analysis of emergency evacuation process based on the accident case investigation results was conducted. First of all, the causes of accidents at each stage are extracted. The logic tree model is used to explore the internal logic of cause factors and the pattern and risk path of personnel fatal accidents. Then the risk control measures are put forward. Finally, the safety barrier model is established based on the barrier theory. The results show that the accident emergency evacuation of offshore platform is the result of multi-cause coupling of environment, human factors, equipment and management. The logical tree model shows the causal relationship of the accident intuitively and systematically, and the death of four kinds of personnel of emergency evacuation accident is obtained by using logical tree model Mode and nine risk propagation paths. The control-based safety barrier model is the guarantee of effective response to emergency evacuation.