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公共部门,是指处理社会各种公共事务,提供各种公共物品的部门。公共部门具有公共性、权威性、稳定性、合法性等特征。公共部门的这些特征在一定程度上决定了公共部门的先天不足:缺乏竞争性压力导致提供公共物品的低效率、没有降低成本的激励机制而导致资源的浪费和收益较低、缺乏监督体系所导致的官僚主义等等。为克服公共部门的先天不足,众多学者曾提出多种方法来改革公共部门,其中用企业家精神来改革公共部门的理念影响较大。企业家精神所提出的改革公共部门的创新性原则,诸如把竞争机制引入到公共服务中去、按效果而不是按投入拨款、满足顾客需要,而不是官僚政治的需要等等。这些企业家精神所提出的原则不仅为克服公共部门的先天不足提供了借鉴,同时也为整个公共管理和我国行政体制改革具提供了启示。
The public sector refers to the department dealing with various public affairs in the society and providing various public goods. The public sector has the characteristics of publicity, authority, stability and legitimacy. To some extent, these characteristics of the public sector determine the deficiencies in the public sector: the lack of competitive pressure leads to the inefficiency of providing public goods and the lack of incentives to reduce costs, resulting in lower waste and profitability of resources and a lack of monitoring system Bureaucracy and more. To overcome the inherent deficiencies in the public sector, many scholars have proposed various ways to reform the public sector. Among them, the concept of using entrepreneurship to reform the public sector has a great impact. Innovative principles for reform of the public sector proposed by entrepreneurship, such as introducing competition mechanisms into public services, allocating benefits rather than funding, meeting customer needs rather than bureaucratic needs, and so forth. The principles proposed by these entrepreneurs not only provide reference for overcoming the inherent deficiencies in the public sector, but also provide enlightenment for the entire public administration and for the reform of our administrative system.