抗战时期,作为举足轻重的抗战后方基地,四川负担了战争所需的大部分粮食和兵源供应。而要筹集足够的人力和物力,基层行政显得至关重要。藉新县制的实施,国民政府采取了扩增基层行政官吏尤其是县长权责的途径,以增强向民众筹集资源的力度。尽管此举基本达成了筹集足够资源以支撑抗战的目的,然而也助长了县长贪腐的行为,以致官民的关系紧张。与此同时国民政府也采取了开放民意的一系列措施,其中既有动员民众协力抗战之意,也有监督制衡县长以拾取民心稳定后方的目的。 During the war of resistance against Japan, as a pivotal rear base for the war of resistance, Sichuan supplied most of the food and troops it needed for the war. To mobilize enough manpower and material resources, grassroots administration has become crucial. With the implementation of the new county system, the Kuomintang government has taken the approach of augmenting the responsibilities and powers and responsibilities of officials at the grassroots level, especially the magistrate, so as to enhance the mobilization of resources to the general public. Although the move basically reached the goal of raising sufficient resources to support the war, it also encouraged the county chief to act in corruption so that the relationship between officials and the people was tense. At the same time, the Kuomintang government also adopted a series of measures to open up public opinions, including the purpose of mobilizing the common efforts of the people in the war of resistance against Japan and supervising the checks and balances of the county magistrate to pick up the people’s hearts and stabilize the rear.