在分析压力容器断裂原因时,决定性的因素,是要尽可能以高的准确性正确确定断裂源。这时,最广泛使用的是断口观测法,即对断口表面进行目视检查和发现具有能探明裂纹扩展方向典型形貌(例如,具有人字形花纹)的区段。在一些标准文件中推荐使用这一方法。例如,《干线管道试验时研究失效技术规则》中提出把与金属表面垂直的断口区段确定为断裂源但是这一方法有以下缺点:用断口观测法正确确定断裂源,要求专门人员有相当高的技能,可能带有主观的特点。在许多场合(特别是在有较大弹性能储备的 The decisive factor in analyzing the causes of a pressure vessel fracture is to correctly determine the source of the fracture with the highest possible accuracy. The most widely used at this time is the fracture observation method, which is a visual inspection of the fracture surface and the discovery of a segment with a typical topography (eg with chevron pattern) that can be used to ascertain the crack propagation direction. This standard is recommended for use in some standard documents. For example, the “Technical Failure Rules for Research on In-line Pipeline Testing” proposed that a fracture zone perpendicular to the metal surface be identified as a fracture source. However, this method has the following drawbacks: The fracture source is correctly identified by fracture observation, which requires special personnel to be quite high Skills may be subjective. On many occasions (especially when there is more elasticity to reserve