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为了提高直肠癌症病人的生存质量，近十年来对中下段直肠癌施行保肛手术日渐增多，５年生率与Ｍｉｌｅｓ手术相似，我科自１９８６年～１９９３年６月共施行各种保肛手术１５３例，其中经肛门拖出一期切除吻合５８例，占保肛手术的３７．９％。结果：术后并发吻合口瘘４例，复发７例，３年生存率８６％。排便功能２周可排正常便但次数多，一般半年到１年恢复到每日排便２次～３次。保肛手术适用于早期、分化好的中下段直肠癌，选择保肛手术最关键的条件是癌肿的部位，分化程度及Ｄｕｋｅｓ分期，综合治疗是预防复发提高生存率的重要措施。
In order to improve the quality of life of patients with rectal cancer, the use of sphincter preserving surgery for middle and lower rectal cancer has increased over the past decade. The five-year rate is similar to that of Miles. Our department has performed a variety of sphincter preservation surgery from 1986 to June 1993. 153 Among them, 58 cases were treated with one-stage resection and anastomosis through the anus, accounting for 37.9% of the anus-sparing operation. Results: There were 4 cases of postoperative anastomotic leakage and 7 cases of recurrence. The 3-year survival rate was 86%. Defecation function can be normal 2 weeks but the number of times, usually six months to 1 year to restore daily defecation 2 to 3 times. Anus-preserving surgery is suitable for early and well-differentiated middle and lower rectal cancer. The most critical condition for choosing an anal operation is the site of cancer, the degree of differentiation, and Dukes stage. Comprehensive treatment is an important measure to prevent relapse and improve survival.