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法国在第二次世界大战中,经济上遭到严重破坏,战后又连续进行了17年的殖民战争。战后初期,处于内外交困的法国不得不在各方面依赖美国。1958年戴高乐上台,为摆脱美国的控制,建立法国在欧州的霸权地位,推行了一条独立自主、对抗美国的总路线,提出军事上“不以苏联为唯一假想敌”的“多向防御”方针,并于1966年退出了北约军事一体化组织。蓬皮杜、德斯坦、密特朗执政时期,基本上执行了戴高乐时期的独立自主的总方针,但在具体政策上做了某些修改,缓解了
In the Second World War, France was severely damaged economically and continued for 17 years after the war. In the early days after the war, France, which was beset with difficulties internally and externally, had to rely on the United States in all aspects. In 1958, de Gaulle came to power. To shake off the control of the United States, establish the hegemonic position of France in Europe and promote an independent line against the United States. He proposed the “multidirectional defense” policy of “not using the Soviet Union as the only imaginary enemy” In 1966 withdrew from the NATO military integration organization. During the ruling period of Pompidou, Destin and Mitterand, they basically implemented the general principle of independence and autonomy of De Gaulle. However, some changes were made to specific policies to ease