活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)过量产生和抗氧化防御系统失衡均可引发氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)。ROS能够破坏精子细胞膜,降低精子活力,引起核DNA降解。植物源性抗氧化剂如植物中的黄酮、多酚、生物碱、皂苷、维生素、多糖等化合物,具有清除ROS、提高抗氧化酶水平和活性的效应。补充外源性抗氧化剂可有效地减轻ROS对精子的损伤,抑制精子膜的脂质过氧化,增强精子运动能力,对精子的结构与功能具有保护作用。 Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and imbalance of anti-oxidant defense system can lead to oxidative stress (OS). ROS can damage the sperm cell membrane, reduce sperm motility, causing nuclear DNA degradation. Plant-derived antioxidants such as flavonoids, polyphenols, alkaloids, saponins, vitamins, polysaccharides and other compounds in plants have the effect of scavenging ROS, increasing the level and activity of antioxidant enzymes. Supplementation of exogenous antioxidants can effectively reduce ROS damage to sperm, inhibit the lipid peroxidation of sperm membrane, enhance sperm motility, the structure and function of sperm have protective effect.