目的了解3～6岁儿童家长的儿童忽视相关知识、态度、行为现况,为进行防治儿童忽视干预提供科学依据。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷,对广东省东莞、惠州、中山、佛山四市3～6岁的儿童家长621人进行儿童忽视相关知识、态度、行为现况调查。结果仅5.4%听说过儿童忽视也知道内容;55.9%以前从来没有获得过防治“儿童忽视”的知识;90.7%～97.4%的家长愿意接受、需要和认为应该进行防治儿童忽视知识的教育和宣传;91.0%愿意为防治儿童忽视做力所能及的事情;家长对孩子经常有的行为依次是:温情、理解(72.4%)、严厉(48.6%)、责骂(43.3%)、过度保护(19.6%)、拒绝(18.2%);对孩子从来没有的行为依次是:恐吓(65.2%)、过分干涉(50.5%)、惩罚(38.7%)、过度保护(37.4%)、否认(29.7%)。他们认为儿童忽视主要发生在以下地方:家庭(78.3%)、幼儿园(61.0%)、公共场合(40.3%);认为保护3～6岁儿童的责任应在于家长(95.3%)、幼儿园老师(76.7%)、相关机构(39.4%)、政府(29.9%);认为目前防治儿童忽视的教育未普及的可能原因是政府、社会不重视(59.9%)、没有成立相应的专业机构(57.8%)、家长或老师本身缺乏相应知识(57.4%)、社会、医疗和教育机构宣传不力(47.4%)、宣传形式和内容不佳(40.7%)、没有相应的立法(37.3%)等;同时95.4%的家长呼吁应该成立相应的防治儿童忽视的机构、法律援助机构或立法保护儿童。结论 3～6岁儿童家长儿童忽视相关知识严重匮乏,相应的健康教育远远不足,而家长态度是肯定的、对其需求迫切,但现实与需求相差甚远。应加强健康教育,注意家庭、幼儿园是健康教育的重点,同时呼吁政府、社会、家长、老师应关注防治儿童忽视。 Objective To understand the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of children ignoring children aged 3 ~ 6 years old, and to provide a scientific basis for prevention and treatment of child neglect. Methods A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 621 children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in Dongguan, Huizhou, Zhongshan and Foshan, Guangdong Province, and to investigate their knowledge, attitudes and behavior about children’s neglect. Results only 5.4% heard of children ignoring also know the content; 55.9% had never been prevention before “child neglect ” knowledge; 90.7% ~ 97.4% of parents are willing to accept, need and think should be prevention of children ignoring knowledge (72.4%), harsh (48.6%), scolding (43.3%), over-protection (19.6%), and social protection (19.6%). The parents’ behavior towards their children is as follows: (65.2%), excessive interference (50.5%), punishment (38.7%), over-protection (37.4%) and denial (29.7%). They consider that the neglect of children mainly occurs in families (78.3%), kindergartens (61.0%) and in public places (40.3%). The responsibility of protecting children aged 3 to 6 years should be as follows: parents (95.3%), kindergarten teachers (59.9%), relevant institutions (39.4%), and the government (29.9%). The possible reasons for the current lack of education on prevention and treatment of child neglect are that the government and society neglect (59.9%), and the corresponding professional institutions (57.8%) are not established, (47.4%), poor form and content of publicity (40.7%), no corresponding legislation (37.3%), etc. At the same time, 95.4% of the respondents (57.4%) were poorly educated, Parents called for the establishment of appropriate institutions to prevent child neglect, legal aid agencies or legislation to protect children. Conclusion Parents and children of 3 ~ 6 years old children ignore the serious lack of related knowledge, the corresponding health education is far from enough, but parents’ attitude is affirmative, their demand is urgent, but the reality and the demand have a long way to go. Health education should be strengthened. Attention should be paid to families and kindergartens, which are the focus of health education. At the same time, the government, society, parents and teachers should pay attention to preventing and treating children’s neglect.