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当时在中国北方和西部与宋朝并存的政权有辽、金、西夏。辽(公元916年—1125年)是以契丹族贵族为主体建立的王朝。金(公元1115年—公元1234年)是以女真族为主体建立的一个北方政权。后来金灭辽,金被蒙古所灭。公元1206年,孛儿只斤部领袖铁木真统一蒙古高原诸部,建立蒙古汗国,自称成吉思汗,后称元太祖。经蒙哥、忽必烈的拓疆,势力抵黄河流域,先后灭辽、西夏、金、大理。1260年铁木真之孙忽必烈据汉地建国称汗,建元中统,1271年改国号为元(取《易经》“大哉乾元”之意)。公元1279年攻陷南宋
At that time, the coexisting regimes in north and west China and the Song Dynasty were Liao, Jin and Xixia. Liao (AD 916 - 1125) is a dynasty established mainly by the Qidan aristocracy. Gold (1115 AD - 1234 AD) is a northern regime based mainly on the Jurchen nation. Gold was destroyed by Liao, gold was destroyed by Mongolia. In 1206 AD, Boer only jinmu leader Muji true unified Mongolian Plateau Ministry, the establishment of Mongolia Khanate, claiming Genghis Khan, later known as Yuan Taizu. After Montgomery, Kublai Khan’s territory, the forces arrived in the Yellow River Basin, successively eliminate Liao, Xixia, gold, Dali. In 1260, Kublai Kublai Kublai Kublai Khan founded the country as Khan, Jianyuan Zhongtong. In 1271, he changed his name to Yuan (taking “The Book of Changes” and “Da Za Qian Yuan”). AD 1279 captured the Southern Song Dynasty