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土壤盐渍化严重威胁着干旱区绿洲的稳定与可持续发展,因此监测盐渍地的分布范围和程度以及分析其成因有着重要的意义。以塔里木盆地北缘盐渍地普遍发育区域渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例,利用TM遥感影像,在野外调查的基础上,采用监督分类中的波谱角度分类法进行了盐渍地调查研究。该方法对盐渍地的提取精度可达到92%左右,是干旱区盐渍地监测的一种有效方法。在此基础上分析了渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲盐渍地的分布范围与程度,并结合气候、地貌、水文、人类活动等因素,对盐渍化成因进行了讨论。结果表明:干旱荒漠气候是形成盐渍地的前提条件,母岩和母质含盐是形成盐渍地的物质基础,地表水和地下水的补给是形成盐渍地的动力,人为因素是形成灌区次生盐渍地的重要条件。
Soil salinization is a serious threat to the stability and sustainable development of oasis in arid regions. Therefore, it is of great significance to monitor the extent and extent of salinization and to analyze its causes. Taking the Wegan River and Kuqa River Delta oasis in the saline area of the northern margin of the Tarim Basin as an example, this paper uses the TM remote sensing imagery to survey the salinities of the area based on the field surveys and the spectral angle classification in the supervised classification the study. The extraction accuracy of salted soil by this method can reach about 92%, which is an effective method for salinization monitoring in arid areas. On this basis, the distribution range and extent of saline land in Weigan-Kuqa River Delta oasis are analyzed, and the causes of salinization are discussed based on the factors of climate, landform, hydrology and human activities. The results show that the arid and desert climate is the prerequisite for salinization. The salinity of parent rock and parent material is the material basis for salinization. The supply of surface water and groundwater is the driving force for salinization. The human factor is the formation of irrigation area Raw salinization of the important conditions.