在传统的自由宪政理论中存在着社会契约与宪法之间的混淆,这种混淆模糊了宪法的公法性质和政治要素,也没有正确反应宪政史的实践。本文通过挖掘洛克政治理论中对契约和信托的区分,发现洛克实际上构造了一种人民制宪权的理论,并未忽视宪法的这种政治要素。这种理论能够回应来自施米特和阿伦特正反两面的批评。 There is confusion between the social contract and the constitution in the traditional theory of free constitutionalism, which obscures the constitutional nature of public law and political elements and does not correctly reflect the practice of constitutional history. By digging out the distinction between contract and trust in Locke’s political theory, Locke found that Locke actually constructed a theory of people’s constitutional power and did not neglect the political elements of constitution. This theory can respond to criticisms from both the positive and negative sides of Schmitt and Arendt.