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目的:了解小学生生长发育状况,调查学生常见病患病情况并分析影响因素。方法:按照卫生部教育部《中小学生健康体检管理办法》规定,对该校所有在校学生进行健康体检。结果:调查对象视力低下、龋齿、贫血、超重及肥胖检出率均较高,其中视力低下和龋齿检出率最高,分别为43.78%和30.80%,贫血检出率高于超重检出率(P﹤0.05),而超重检出率高于肥胖检出率(P﹤0.05),并且超重、肥胖与视力低下检出率总体上均随年龄增加而增加(P﹤0.05);龋齿检出率随年龄增加而减少(P﹤0.05);超重在男生、女生中的比例分别为16.11%、8.33%,肥胖在男生、女生中的比例分别为12.32%、3.79%,男生检出率均高于女生(P﹤0.05)。但营养不良问题仍然存在,主要表现为消瘦,女生检出率高于男生(P﹤0.05);沙眼总检出率为0.64%,各年龄组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:小学生人群中视力低下、龋齿、贫血、超重、肥胖和消瘦等生长发育问题并存。提示卫生、教育部门及社会重视儿童生长发育,加强宣传教育,增强户外体育锻炼,促使其养成良好的生活习惯。同时也提醒家庭应该积极改善营养供给,争取达到均衡营养、合理膳食。
Objective: To understand the growth and development of primary school students, investigate the prevalence of common diseases and analyze the influencing factors. Methods: In accordance with the Ministry of Education, “primary and secondary health examination management approach” provides that all school students in the school for physical examination. Results: The subjects had low visual acuity, high detection rate of dental caries, anemia, overweight and obesity, among which, vision loss and dental caries detection were the highest (43.78% and 30.80%, respectively). The detection rate of anemia was higher than that of overweight P <0.05), while the detection rate of overweight was higher than the detection rate of obesity (P <0.05), and the detection rates of overweight, obesity and poor eyesight all increased with age (P <0.05) (P <0.05). The proportion of overweight boys and girls were 16.11% and 8.33% respectively. The prevalence of obesity among boys and girls was 12.32% and 3.79%, respectively. The prevalence of boys was higher than that of boys Girls (P <0.05). However, malnutrition still existed, which was mainly emaciation. The detection rate of girls was higher than that of boys (P <0.05). The total detection rate of trachoma was 0.64%. There was no significant difference among all age groups (P> 0.05). Conclusion: The pupils have poor vision, coexistence of growth problems such as dental caries, anemia, overweight, obesity and weight loss. Prompted health, education departments and society attach importance to children’s growth and development, strengthen publicity and education, enhance outdoor physical exercise, prompting them to develop good habits. At the same time, it also reminded families that they should actively improve their nutrition supply so as to achieve balanced nutrition and reasonable diet.