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目的分析2013—2014年宁夏回族自治区手足口病病原学流行特征,探索病原的分布和变化规律,为手足口病的防控提供理论依据。方法对宁夏回族自治区各市县哨点医院采集的患者手足口病标本进行realtime PCR、肠道病毒培养和基因测序型别鉴定;将标本病原鉴定结果和病例流行病学资料相结合,描述不同病原流行病学分布特点。结果 2013—2014年共检测阳性病例标本1 703份,其中CAV16阳性814份(47.8%),EV71阳性479份(28.1%),其他EV阳性410份(24.1%)。CAV16为宁夏2013—2014年优势病毒,2013年以其他EV为第二主要病原,2014年以EV71为第二主要病原。宁夏手足口病发病有明显的季节性,不同年份和地区的病原分布差异均有统计学意义。结论宁夏手足口病病原以EV71、CAV16和其他EV为优势病原交替流行,而且2013—2014年其他EV型别构成变化较大,提示在做好EV71和CAV16防控工作的同时,要更多关注其他EV的变化。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2013 to 2014, explore the distribution and variation of pathogens, and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods Realtime PCR, enterovirus culture and genotyping were performed on patients with hand-foot-mouth disease collected from sentinel hospitals of cities and counties in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The pathogen identification results were combined with the epidemiological data to describe the prevalence of different pathogens The distribution characteristics of the disease. Results A total of 1 703 positive samples were detected in 2013-2014, of which 814 (47.8%) were CAV16 positive, 479 (28.1%) were EV71 positive and 410 (24.1%) were EV positive. CAV16 is the predominant virus in Ningxia 2013-2014. In 2013, EV was the second most important pathogen and EV71 was the second major pathogen in 2014. The incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease in Ningxia was obviously seasonal, and there were significant differences in pathogen distribution in different years and regions. Conclusion The pathogens of HFMD in Ningxia are alternately prevalent with EV71, CAV16 and other EV pathogens, and the changes of other EV types in 2013-2014 are quite different, suggesting that more attention should be paid to the prevention and control of EV71 and CAV16 Other EV changes.