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硼原子因其半径小、缺电子、配位数大、价电子sp2杂化和三中心键等特点引起了科学家的高度关注。其团簇的电子结构、稳定性、芳香性和成键方式等性质的研究成为化学领域的一大热点。由于硼化物多样性的特点,其在光学、能源和储存工业气体方面具有潜在的应用价值。本文简述了近几年全硼团簇、硼烷及金属硼化物的研究现状。其中,分别从中性、阴离子和阳离子三种形式对全硼团簇和硼烷进行概括;金属掺杂硼化物主要包括金属掺杂的纯硼团簇和硼烷、过渡金属掺杂的三明治形式复合物以及金属中心硼分子轮。
Boron atoms because of its small radius, lack of electrons, large coordination number, valence electron sp2 hybrid and three central bond and other characteristics caused great concern of scientists. The research on the electronic structure, stability, aromaticity and bonding mode of the clusters has become a hot topic in the field of chemistry. Due to the characteristics of boride diversity, it has potential applications in optics, energy and storage of industrial gases. In this paper, the research status of all boron clusters, boranes and metal borides in recent years is briefly reviewed. Among them, all boron clusters and boranes are summarized from neutral, anionic and cationic forms respectively. The metal-doped borides mainly include metal-doped pure boron clusters and boranes, and transition metal-doped sandwich types As well as the metal center boron molecular wheel.