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目的了解德保县山区农村供水卫生学风险因素,为寻求针对性的预防控制对策与措施提供科学依据。方法于2008—2010年应用《WHO饮水水质准则》(2004)中“饮水安全计划”的方法,对德保县山区农村161个村屯自备供水水质采样检测,对其中126个自备供水水源、供水设施与工艺和管理措施等环节风险因素进行识别和评价。结果共分析126个农村自备供水点,在供水水源、供水设施与工艺和管理措施等22个环节均存在不同程度的风险,其中存在极高风险的环节达14项,占63.63%,高风险5项,占22.73%,中级风险1项,占4.56%,低风险2项,占9.01%。对161个自然村屯的自备供水末梢水水质进行分析,结果显示微生物指标中的总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群在丰、枯水期均为极高风险,超标率分别达89.44%(144/161)、81.98%(132/161)和90.06%(145/161)、78.26%(126/161)。结论德保县山区农村供水风险因素存在于从水源到居民用户最终用水点的各个环节,共同导致水质微生物指标中的总大肠菌群和耐热大肠菌群的高风险。提示:消毒制度的落实和加强卫生监管是保障山区农村供水安全的重要环节。
Objective To understand the risk factors of rural water supply hygiene in mountainous areas of Dabao County and to provide scientific evidence for the targeted prevention and control measures and measures. Methods In 2008-2010, the “Drinking Water Safety Plan” was adopted in the “Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality of the World Health Organization (2004)” to sample and test the water quality of self-provided water supply in 161 villages in the mountainous rural areas of Daban County. 126 of them Water supply, water supply facilities and processes and management measures and other aspects of risk factors identified and evaluated. Results A total of 126 rural-owned water supply points were analyzed. There were risks of varying degrees in 22 aspects of water supply, water supply facilities, process and management measures, among which there were 14 items with extremely high risks, accounting for 63.63% 5 items, accounting for 22.73%, 1 intermediate risk, accounting for 4.56%, 2 low-risk, accounting for 9.01%. The results showed that the total coliforms and heat-resistant coliform bacteria in microbial index were extremely high risk in both dry season and high season, with over-standard rates of 89.44% (144 / 161), 81.98% (132/161) and 90.06% (145/161), 78.26% (126/161). Conclusion Rural water supply risk factors in mountainous areas of Debao county exist in all aspects from water source to residential water consumption point of residents. Together they lead to high risk of total coliform bacteria and heat-resistant coliform bacteria in water quality microbial indicators. Tip: The implementation of disinfection system and strengthen health supervision is to ensure the safety of rural mountain water supply an important part.