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目的了解四川理县黑热病流行动态和防治现状,为全县制定防治对策提供依据。方法对1964-2015年全县黑热病疫情数据进行流行病学分析。结果理县1964-2015年累计报告黑热病75例,无死亡,年均发病率4.43/10万。1964年报告1例,1976年1例,1988-1996年发病呈现出1个高峰,共68例,占90.67%,峰值为1991年18例(43.06/10万),1997-2009年连续13年无病例报告,2010-2015年报告5例;具有明显的季节性,5-11月为高发月份;全县11个乡镇有病例报告,杂谷脑河下游乡镇发病率高于上游乡镇;男性发病40例,女性33例,男女性别比为1.33∶1;最小发病年龄0岁,最大65岁,发病集中在0~10岁。结论 1964-2015年理县黑热病发病出现1个高峰,季节性明显,发病以儿童为主。及时诊治患者、持续杀灭病犬、灭蛉、防蛉工作,是控制和消除黑热病的有效措施。
Objective To understand the prevalence and prevention and treatment of kala-azar in Li County, Sichuan Province, and to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment measures in this county. Methods Epidemiological analysis of epidemic situation of kala azar in the county from 1964 to 2015 was conducted. Results Lixian County reported a total of 75 cases of kala-azar from 1964 to 2015 without any deaths, with an average annual incidence of 4.43 per 100 000. One case was reported in 1964, one case in 1976 and one peak appeared in 1988-1996, with a total of 68 cases (90.67%) with peak value of 18 cases (43.06 / 100000) in 1991 and 13 years No case report, 2010-2015 report 5 cases; with obvious seasonal, 5-11 months of high incidence of the month; 11 county towns have a case report, the incidence of Zagunaohe lower reaches of the township is higher than the upstream towns and villages; 40 cases, 33 cases of women, male to female ratio was 1.33: 1; the minimum age of onset 0 years old, maximum 65 years old, the incidence concentrated in 0 to 10 years old. Conclusion The incidence of kala-azar in Nianli counties from 1964 to 2015 showed a peak with a seasonal obvious incidence mainly in children. Timely diagnosis and treatment of patients, continue to kill the dog, eliminate 蛉, anti-蛉 work, is an effective measure to control and eliminate kala-azar.