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语言是人类交流的重要工具。日语中的敬语,是基于说话人与听话人以及话题人物之间的各种各样的关系,通过语言使用上的区别来明确人际关系的一种方式。根据敬语新的分类方法,敬语可以分为尊敬语、自谦语Ⅰ、自谦语Ⅱ、郑重语和美化语五大类。利奇提出了得体、宽宏、赞誉、谦虚、一致、同情这礼貌原则的六准则。文章首先考察基于新分类法的日语敬语表现,然后分析了不同待遇表现场景下礼貌策略的运用。
Language is an important tool for human communication. The honorific in Japanese is based on the various relationships between speakers and listeners, as well as on the subject, to clarify relationships through language use. According to the new classification of honorifics, honorifics can be divided into five categories: respect, modesty Ⅰ, modesty Ⅱ, zeros and landscaping. Leach made six criteria for being decent, liberal, praiseworthy, modest, consistent, sympathetic to this politeness principle. The article first examines the performance of Japanese honorifics based on the new taxonomy, and then analyzes the application of politeness strategies under different performance scenarios.